Forging machine and the like



O. GEORG FORGING MACHINE AND THE LIKE March 4, 1930.

Filed Sent. 30, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 7 ham/0r We Georg March 4, 1930.o. GEdRG I 1,749,334

FORGING momma: AND THE LIKE Filed Sept. 30, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2Rttornc Patented Mar. 4, 1930 UNITED STAT-ES PATENT OFFICE OTTO GEOBG,OF DUSSELDORF, GERMANY rename macnmn Ann was LIKE Application filedSeptember 80, 1926, Serial No. 188,634, and in Germany August 5,1925.

This invention refers broadly to gripping or clamping and jolting orupsetting machines and it refers particularly to a device for effectingthe movement of the gripping 6 or clamping die or carriage on horizontalforging machines and the like in. which use is made of a longitudinallymovable heading die or carriage operated by a main crank on.

a crank shaft and agripping or clamping car- 10 riage movablesubstantially at right angle to the heading die and adapted for theclamp ing of the piece of work under treatment. The invention generallyconsidered comprises novel and improved means of crank and toggle levertype for effecting the movement of the grippin or clamping carriage,

v and its object is two old, first, to relieve the headingdie of thework of transmitting mo tion to the'toggle-lever mechanism whichactuates the gripping die, thus preventing violent wear and tear uponthe machine due to racking and jamming of such working parts when socoupled and employed, and, second,

F to provide for the operation of the toggle lever mechanism from anauxiliary crank on the crank shaft so arranged wit-h respect to themaincrank and coacting with a toggle lever mechanism comprising atleastthree sets of toggle lever devices as to secure an easy andsmooth workmgmotion of the parts in place of the racking motion referred to, as

well as to secure a novel phase change in the working actions of theclamping and heading dies in the cycle of action of the machine wherebycertain desirable and important working andcommercial advantages are.obtained.

and heading dies as heretofore operated the working parts are socombined, proportioned and timed :that a range of movement or timeperiod of travel of the plunger die equal to at lea'st one-half of thefull travel of said plunger die in the direction of its working strokeisnecessary to effect a movement of the clamping die from open to closedor clamping position. In those commercial machines in which the togglelever 5 mechanism is coupled to a plunger die oper@ ated by a crank uponan actuating crank shaft views respectively corresponding theworkingaction is very violent and causes great wear and tear upon the frame andworking parts and the timing is such in the cycle of action that theclamping die is closed just before the plunger die engages the work andthe effective working stroke of the plunger die is therefore limited andmade comparatively short as a result of the phase or timing restrictionthus imposed upon it. In other words, the parts of such amachine aresubject to derangement and breakage and the plunger die has a very shortupsetting action, reduced to less than 50% of its range of travel in aworking direction, so that the machine is not only expensive to maintainbut is of greater length than should be required in proportion to theuseful upsetting stroke obtained. My invention is designed to overcomenot only any violent racking actions of a machine in which the togglelever mechanism is actuated by the plunger die, but also to effect aphase change in the working actions of the clamping and plunger dies,whereby the clamping die is closed on'or before the plunger die hascompleted the first quarter of its travel in the heading direction, thusenabling a long upsetting stroke to be obtainedwithout increasing thelength of the machine, or, conversely, to enable a short upsettingstroke, as in prior standard machines, to be obtained in a machine ofsmaller size and less expensive in construction and operation than astandard machine.

The invention will be further described with reference to theaccompanying drawing showing-by way of exemplification severalembodiments of the principles thereof. In standard machines employingclamping In Figure 1 I have shown for the sake of comparison anddiagrammatically the wellknown arrangement for the movement of theclamping or gripping carriage according to the previous art,-wl1ile inFigure 2 the arrangement according to this invention is showndiagrammatically.-

In Figures 3 and 4 a form of construction illustrating the leverconnection for the gripping carriage is shown respectively in side viewand plan view. A modified form of construction is shown in Figures 5 and6 in two foe to those of Figures 3 and 4. A third modified constructionis illustrated in Figures 7 to 9 showingvFigure 1, and consideringtheliighest point in its orbit of rotation to be the zero or 0 pointstarts from the 270 dead center-position. Inasmuch as at least a 90degree travel ot the crank is necessary for the closing of the clampingjaws, almost half of the workthe machine to be built.

ing stroke of the machine is lost for an upsetting action as during thispart of the working stroke the clamping .jaws are being closed. If,however, the clamping or gripping members are operated from a crankarranged in accordance with my invention, and used in conjunction with atriple toggle lever it becomes possible, as illustrated in Figure2, tostart the main crank from a position degrees ahead of the 270 deadcenter position, or from the 225 point, and the 90 degrees which arenecessary for the-closing of the clamping jaws are then disposed in sucha manner that only a very small portion of the entire working stroke isrequired for the clamping or gripping operation, while the remainder ofthe working stroke is employed for the jolting or upsetting operationproper. The advantage of this new arrangement is very obvious, i. e., agreater length of stroke may be obtained in a standard size machine orthe stroke may be reduced so as .to result in reduced length of thecrank drive rods and consequently allowing a shorter and more compactand less expensive construction of Other advantages are also gained, ashereinafter fully described.

In Figures 3 and 4 a form of construction embodying the principles of myinvention is' shown. The clamping or gripping carriage 1 for thegripping of the piece of work is linked by means of the pressure link 2to one arm of the elbow lever 3 adapted to be rotated on the stationarypivot 4:. -To the other arm of lever 3 the pressure link 5 isoperatively connected which link pivotally couples said lever to theauxiliary carriage 6. The auxiliary carriage is operated from, the maincrank shaft 31 by the knuckle pin 8 and the crank bar or connecting rod7. The crank or knuckle 8 is situatedat'a certain angle a in thisinstance about 135 ahead of the'main crank 32, the crank 8 starting atabout the 90 point, as indicated in Figure 3 of the drawing, so that theclamping or gripping action takes place while themain crank 32 is movedin the so-called sneaking are (Fig. 2).

The operation with the construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4 will'bereadily understood from the drawing and following description. In thestarting position, considering the highest point in the orbit ofrotation of crank 32 to be the zero or 0 point, the auxiliary crank 8 isat the 90 point and themain crank 32 at the. 225 point, in whichpositionsof the cranks 8 and 32 the clamping die 1 isfully open orretracted and the heading die has traveled seven-eighths of its backwardor return travel from the end of its working stroke. On the movement ofthe crank 8 from the 90 to the 270 position the carriage (i is moved thefull distance of its rear\ and travel, carrying with it the link 5 whichas it movesbackwardly also swings outwardly from the dotted line to thefull line position shown in Fig. 4, as a result of which combinedmovements the link has a reducing diti'ercntial motion transmittingaction whereby the 180 angle movement of the crank 8 is converted into a45 angle movement of lever 3, thus setting or bringing the link 2 andcoacting arm 3 into longitudinal alinement and fully closing theclan'iping die 1. During this clamping-die closing-action of parts 8, 7,(i, 5, 3 and 2-the main crank 32 moves through the 90 are from the 225point to the 315 point, on the first-half of which (between the 225 andthe 270 points) the heading die is fully retracted and on the secondhalf of which (between the 270 and 315 points) the heading die is movedforward'one-eighth part of itsheadingstroke, so that the clamping dieclosing portion of the orbit of the crank shaft, equal to one fourth ofthe range of travel of the plunger die in either direction, is sodisposed as to be divided or apportioned between the final eighthportion of the return stroke of the plunger and first eighth portion ofthe working stroke of said die. The clamping die remains closed duringthe full period of the remaining seven-eighths part of the workingstroke of the plunger die for the reason that during this period ofaction of the plunger 'die a'n-idle period or period of dwell of thetoggle lever mechanism proper occurs, during which the to gle levermechanism retains cause but a slight rocking motion of parts 2 and 3 inthis portion of the orbit-cf travel of the crank 8, which rocking motionis insutlicient to break the toggle lever lock between parts 23 or torelease the grip of the clamping die 1 on the clamped work. Thus it willbe seen that the main crankand the auxiliary crank and coacting parts ofthe-toggle lever clamping die actuating mechanism. are so This followsfrom the fact the parts 7 and 8,'idle and remaining .set to hold theclamping die closed during the remainder of the cycle of operation ofthe upsetting die.

Another modified form of construction is shown in Figures 5 and 6. Thecrank 9 arranged at about the same distance as in Figure 5 ahead of themain crank 32, acts, by means of a link or pitman rod 10, to transmitits movement to the upper arm of a bell-crank rocking lever 11, fromwhich the movement, by means of the lower arm of said lever and thepressure link 12, is transmitted to the carriage 13 and thence by way ofthe pressure link 14. to the toggle lever system 15, 16 and in its turnto the clainpingslide 17. The threefold toggle lever action is therebyproduced by the crank 9 and the pitman rod 10, by the elbow lever 11 andthe pressure link 12, and by the pressure link 15 and the pressure link16.

With this construction the arrangement is such that the auxiliary crank9 starts its clamping die closing motion at about the 00 point, whilethe main crank 32 is in the region between the 207 and 225 points, andthe crank 9 ends its clamping die closing motion at about the 150 pointand begins its clamping die releasingmotion at about the 240 point,during which the crank .32 is traveling from the 207 or 225 point to the270 point on the final part of the return movement of the lieadingdieand from the 270 point" to the 297 or 315 point on the fore part of theworking travel of the heading-die, from which it will be evident thatthe clam ing die closing movement is completed be ore the heading diehas made an eighth portion of its next succeeding working motion. Itwill also be evident from the foregoing that the crank 9 on its60240travel pulls the upper arm of lever 11 downward sothat said lever makesa 45 counterclockwise rocking motion while crank 9 is moving'through the90 are from the ,60 point to the 150, on which portion of the60 -240travel the other arm of lever 11 and link 12 are straightened out toclose the clamping die, and that from the 150 point to the 350 point thecrank pin 9 is equidistant from the pivot connecting. rod 10 with thelever 11, and that, therefore, between the 150 and 330 points the rodswings on said pivot as a center of motion, the crank 9 and rod 1.0having any idling action so far ms their effect on the lever 11 isconcerned,

and that from the 330 point to the 60 point the crank pin 9 rocks thelever clockwise back to its original position and in so doing opens theclamping die. While, therefore, the

mechanism between the same and the carriage remain idle or in a setposition to hold the clamping die closed. When the crank 9 reaches the60 point the crank 32 will have reached the 207 or 225 point and therewill be a repetition of the cycle of action of the operating parts asabove described.

In the form of construction according to Figures 7 to 9 the threefoldtoggle lever action is combined with. a special doubleoperating pointbearing of the clamping or gripping carriage. From the crank shaft18'the main carriage or plunger die 20 is reciprocated by means of themain crank 32 and the pressure rod 19. The crank shaft 18 is provided atits end with a disc 21 carrying an auxiliary stud 22. This knuckle isconnected by the link rod 23 to the rocking lever 24 mounted upon astationary stud 25. 13v

means of the stud 26 a pressure rod 27 is operatively connected to theslide carriage 28 which by means of the two hinged links or levers 29 isopcratively connected to the clamping die or carriage 30. The threefoldtoggle lever action in this modification is effected between the crank22 and the link or pitman rod 23 and on the other hand between therocking lever 24 and the pressure rod 27 ,and between the hingedcarriage 28 and the clamping carriage30 by the intermediary of the twohinged links 29.

The operation, with the construction shown in, Figs. 7 8 and 9, in whichthe connecting rod 23 is. coupled to the lower arm of the bell cranklever 24, instead of to the upper arm .of said lever, in which respectthe construction differs from the rod and'lever connection shown inFigs. 5 and 6, is as follows: 1

Figs. 7 and 9 show the starting position, at whichtime the auxiliarycrank 1S at'about the 135 point and the main crank 32 may be at a pointbetween the 225 point, and the links 29 lie at an oblique angle betweenthe retracted clamping die 30 point and the and the carriage 28. In thetravel of the partof its travel on its working stroke. During themovement of crank 32 from the 225 point to the 315 point, the auxiliarycrank 22 travels the 90 are from the point to the 225 point and in sodoing draws back- Ward on the lower arm of lever 24 and rocks said'leverthrough a 45 arc, in which action the uppper arm of said lever operatesthrough rod 27 and slide carriage 28 to position,

straighten out the links 29 to the parallel position at right angles tocarriage 28 shown in Fig. 9, thereby shifting die to clamping whichmovement of die 30 to clamping position thus occurs on the first eighthart of the working stroke of die 20. The

links 29 hold the die 30 in clamping position as long as they (thelinks) maintain the parallel relation shown in Fig. 9, in which relationthey remain until lever 24 is shifted from the thrown position abovereferred to on its movement back to the reverse position shown in Figs.7 and 8. Crank 32 on its clockwise. movement from the 315 point to the90 point performs its effective headingstroke and then, as the clockwisemovement of crank 32 continues, the backward travel of the die 20begins. During this movement of crank 32 fronrthe 315 point to the 90point the crank 22 travels through an idle are tion without transmissionof motion to carriage 28, the lever 24 and links 29 being retracted onthe movement of crank 22 from the 315 point to the 135 point, a largeportion of which travel is taken up in shifting the lever 24 to aposition in which it acts through rod 27. and carriage 28 to return thelinks 29'to their normal oblique position and retract the die 30. sothat said die 30 remains in clamping position until after the die 20 hascompleted its upsetting stroke. From the 90 to the 225 points of travelof crank 82 die 20 is moving seven-eighths of the full range of itsbackward travel and crank 22 again assumes the 225 point position, thusagain bringing the parts back to the position shown in Figs. 7 and 8.

It will be observed that in each of the several forms of the inventionherein disclosed a motion transmitting mechanism consisting of threesets of toggle lever devices is employed in connection with a workingauxiliary crank on the crank shaft arranged at a certain angle withrelation to the main crank on said shaft,

and that in each case the motion transmitting 'mechanism includes a bellcrank lever and a slide carriage or cross-head, one or the other ofwhich is coupled tothe auxiliary crank by a connecting rod having aloneor in connection with a bell crank lever or other part .to which it iscoupled certain idle and acting periods and effecting certain motiontransmitting actions whereby the objectionsto the use of clamping dieoperating mecha nism actuated directly by and from the heading die arenot only avoided but the ratio of the working (upsetting) range of theplunger die on its working stroke increased or knee action.

with respect to the ratio of non-working or .idle die-closing periodrange of the plunger die on such stroke, so that a new timing or phaseaction or periodical variation from prior working actions is produced,whereby (1) a longer gripping action and a longer actual upsettingaction may be obtained without increasing the cycle period, or whereby(2) a wider opening and closing action of the clamping die may besecured for gripping large work pieces without increasing the cycleperiod, or whereby (3) a combination of these advantages may beobtained, i. e., a wider range of movement of the clamping die with alonger range of actual upsetting movement of the heading die, withoutincreasing the cycle. period. Obviously, also, the employment of anauxiliary crank and threefold toggle lever mechanism of the characterdescribed gives anotherand very important advantage, in that a quickgripping action in connection with a short upsetting die stroke may beused if desired and the machine correspondingly shortened, withresultant economy in the initial cost of manufacture as well as in theoperation of the machine.

In practice I have found that the use of a an actuating crank gives arange of motion equal to 10% of the working stroke of the heading dieand that each addition of a toggle lever device after the firstincreases the motion range to the extent of 20% more, so that by using aworking combination of three toggle lever devices a motion transmittingrange equal'to 50% of the working stroke of the plunger die may beobtained, and I have further found that by employing such a chain ofthree toggle lever devices in connection with an auxiliary crank set atan angle of at least 45 with relation to the firstnamcd main crank amechanism properly combined for a motion transmittingrange equal to atleast of the total range of travel of the heading die, with the propernon-motion, idle or dwell period for" the clamping die required for thelengthy/gripping period employed, will be produced without furtherincreasing the number of toggle lever devices used in the chain, sucharrangement of the cranks giving the proper motion range and phasing ortiming of the dies without the use of more than three toggle leverdevices, which would otherwise be required.

The invention may find expression in other eml'ioi'linients and thereare no other restrictions in regard to the construction and relativearrangement of the parts except as particularly set forth and pointedout in the appended claims, and it isalso to be understood that thetoggle lever action may be effected by such a combination of severallevers as to produce a manifold toggle leversingle toggle lever device'in connection with v20 2. In means for operating the heading and 30 andthe clamping die and cooperating with I claim: 1. In means for operatingthe heading and dieclamping dies of a forging machine, a heading die, aclamping die, a crank shaft 5 having a main crank and an auxiliary crankset at an angle of at least 45 ahead of the main crank, the said maincrank being coupled to the heading die for operating the same, and athree-fold toggle lever mechanism connecting the auxiliary crank and theclamping die and coacting with said auxiliary crank on each cycle ofaction of the machine to start the closing of the clamping die beforethe heading die has started its heading stroke and to complete theclosing of the clamping die before the heading die has completed thefirst quarter of its heading stroke and to hold it closed during theremainder of such stroke.

clamping dies of a forging or like machine, a reciprocating heading die,a reciprocating clamping die, a drive shaft having main and auxiharycranks ofiset at an angle of at least 45 with relation to each other, aconnecting rod between the main crank and heading die for reciprocatingthe latter, and a system of at least three toggle lever m'otiontransmitting devices connecting the auxiliary crank said auxiliary crankto start a closing movement of the clamping die while the-heading die isbeing retracted after a heading stroke and to complete the closingmovement of the clamping die before the heading die has com gleted thefirst quarter of its succeeding eading stroke.

3. In means for operating the heading and clamping dies. of a forgingmachine, a head, 40 ing die, a clamping die, a crank shaft having a maincrank and an auxiliary crank set at an angle of at least with relationto each other, a connecting rod between the main crank and the headingdie, a slide carriage, 45 and connecting means between the auxiliarycrank and the slide carriage and between the latter and the clampingdie, the same comprising a system of at least three toggle lever motiontransmitting devices operatively constructed and connected for coactionwith each other and with the auxiliary crank to start a closingmovementof the clamping die while the heading die is being retracted following aheading stroke thereof and to complete the closing movement of theclamping die before the heading die has completed the first quarter ofits succeeding heading stroke while holding the clamping die closedduring the remaining three quarters of said heading o stroke.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

7 OTTO GEORG.

